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		Environmental Testing
		Environmental testing involves a wide range of disciplines specific to toxicology. Aside from collecting static air, water and soil samples and performing accredited laboratory assessments for contaminants, environmental testing can also involve substance concentration monitoring over time and the collation of client data from medical records, questionnaires... (more)

		Toxic Substances: Hazardous Substances
		TCAS provides toxicological assessment services for a wide range of hazardous substances [a] Hazardous substances constitute a special class of toxic agents in that they pose immediate dangers to human health via simple contact or proximity. TCAS provides toxicological consulting and assessment services for a wide range of hazardous toxic substances,... (more)

		Toxic Substances: Toxicology of Heavy Metals
		Heavy Metal Pathways adapted from 1995 U.S. Geological Survey Circular [a] TCAS has been providing heavy metal consultative and toxicological assessment services for more than 30 years. Although some heavy metals are necessary ingredients in a healthy body, heavy metal contamination can cause a wide range of adverse health effects. Unlike organic pollutants,... (more)

		Toxic Substances: Consumer Product Toxicology
		Consumer product toxicology involves a wide range of chemical and biological compounds. a Consumer product toxicology evaluations involve a wide range of chemical and biological compounds. With respect to toxicity, the manner in which consumer products are used can be just as important as the chemicals in the products. For example, ammonia and chlorine... (more)

		Hazardous Substances: Toxicology of Hydrocarbons
		Overview TCAS has broad experience assessing the health effects of hydrocarbons [a] Hydrocarbons are a class of organic chemical compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. Although hydrocarbons all possess structural similarities, there is a vast spectrum of compounds and each has different physical, chemical and reactive properties. Similarly,... (more)

		Toxic Exposure Studies: Forensic Analysis of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL)
		For more than two decades, TCAS has been retained in cases involving LNAPLs. We have considerable experience in establishing the source s , age and characteristics of LNAPL. Additionally, we have performed LNAPL risk assessments on behalf of individuals, private industry and government agencies New York State DEC, New Jersey DEC and others . We have... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: High-Level Petroleum Hydrocarbon Vapor Exposures Induce Toxic Encephalopathy
		This case study demonstrates how causation can be demonstrated by weight of evidence WOE and how objective investigation of contributing factors can play a pivitol role in formulating an expert opinion to reasonable toxicological certainty. Toxic encephalopathy can be caused by repeated exposure to refinery hydrocarbon vapors. [a] A process engineer... (more)

		Case Studies in Toxicology: Pesticide Exposure Leads to Death
		This case study summarizes events relating to the death of a man with a history of seizure disorder who was fatally exposed to pesticides in his unventilated basement apartment. It illustrates the role of an impartial toxicological assessment in litigation involving pesticides. The county coroner suspected pesticide exposure as a contributing factor... (more)

		Professional Experience and Toxicological Specializations
		TCAS has assessed hundreds of different types of toxic substances and exposure effects. [a] TCAS provides professional, comprehensive forensic and environmental exposure analysis, risk assessments and causation determinations. With more than 30 years of hands-on experience, our cases cover a vast range of toxic exposure-related issues combining toxicological... (more)

		Home: Dr. William R. Sawyer, Toxicologist
		Ph.D., Dr. William R. Sawyer is an expert forensic toxicologist For more than 30 years expert toxicologist Dr. William R. Sawyer has been providing forensic toxicology consulting services and expert testimony. Dr. Sawyer has extensive experience... (more)

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